1. MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION RELEVANT TO BIOLOGY
| Structure of | Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical bonds |
| Composition, structure, and function of Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino acids, Proteins, Nucleic acids, and Vitamins |
| Stabilizing interactions | Van der Waals, Electrostatic, Hydrogen bonding, Hydrophobic interaction, |
| Principles of biophysical chemistry | pH, buffer, Reaction kinetics, Thermodynamics, Colligative properties |
| Bioenergetics | Glycolysis, Oxidative phosphorylation, Coupled reaction, Group transfer, Biological energy transducers. |
| Principles of catalysis | Enzymes and Enzyme kinetics, Enzyme regulation, Mechanism of enzyme catalysis, Isozymes |
| Conformation of proteins | Ramachandran plot, Secondary structure, Domains, Motif, and folds |
| Conformation of nucleic acids | A-DNA B-DNA Z-DNA t-RNA, micro-RNA |
| Stability of | Proteins and Nucleic acids. |
| Metabolism of | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino acids, Nucleotides, and Vitamins. |
2. CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
| Membrane structure and function | Structure of model membrane, Lipid bilayer, Membrane protein diffusion, Osmosis; Ion channels; Active transport; Membrane pumps; Mechanism of sorting Regulation of intracellular transport; Electrical properties of membranes. |
| Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles | Cell wall, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxisomes, Plastids, Vacuoles, Chloroplast, Structure & function of the cytoskeleton and its role in motility |
| Organization of genes and chromosomes | Operon Unique and repetitive DNA, Interrupted genes, Gene families, The structure of chromatin and chromosomes, Heterochromatin, Euchromatin, Transposons |
| Cell division and the cell cycle | Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, Steps in the cell cycle, Regulation, and control of the cell cycle |
| Microbial Physiology | Growth yield and characteristics, Strategies of cell division, Stress response. |